olmsted



. (No Model.) 8 Sheets-'Sheet 1.

J. OLMSTED.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP. No 279,103; I Patented June 5,1883.

N. PUERS. Pholaiilhognpher. Washingmm B4 c.

(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Jf. OLMSTED.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP. No 279,103. I Patented June 5,1883.

fizz/77502":

Jase/o 7v OZms teal N. PETERS, PhalvLilhngnpher, Washington, n, c.

(NO Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. OLMSTED.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP. No. 279,103. Patented June 5, 188? Nv PETERS. Phow-Limo n her. Washin ton. D. c.

8 Sheets-Sheet, 4,

(No Model.) I

J. OLMSTE'D.

E'LEUTRIG ARC LAMP. No. 279,103. Patented June 5,1883.

Jose ah 02712651408 5 Lb e 6 h s W 8 e h S 8 D E T S M L O .w

(No Model.)

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

Patented June 5, 1883.

N. PETERS. mmmumu ra rm, Washington, D.c4

(No Model.)

-8 Sheets-Sheet 6. J. OLMSTBD.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.v

Patented June 5,1883,

fittest:

8 Sheets-Sheet 7.

J i OLMSTED.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(No Model.)

Patented June 5,1883.

fizz/671607:

Josa A Olznsfecd N. FETERS. pnowumo w. Washingioli n.c,

(N0 Model.)

, 8 Sheets-Sheet 8. J. OLMSTED.

ELEGTRIG ARC LAMP.

Patented June 5, 1883.

W i W w h N. PETERS. Photo-Lithographer. Waihingnn. 0.6.-

JOSEPH OLMSTED, OF NE\V YORK, N.

PATENT Orr Ion.

Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE UNITED STATES ELECTRIC LIGHTING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 279,103, dated June 5, 1883,

Application filed January 6, 1881. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, J OSEPH OLMSTED, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to bea full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specifica tion.

My invention relates to electric-arc lamps, and is designed to improve the sensitiveness and power of the magnet system which controls the movements of the feed-regulating devices for the carbon or carbon-carrier.

My invention consists in the combination, with feed-regulating mechanism of any proper kind, of an electro-magnet in the main or principal circuit with the arc and an electromagnet in a derived circuit of comparatively high resistance around the are, having its pole or poles presented to the pole or poles of the main-circuit magnet, and having its coils so wound or connected as to tend to produce at its pole magnetism of the same sign as that of the pole of the main-circuit magnet.

My invention also consists in the combination, with a main-circuit electro-magnet, of a derived-circuit electro magnet wound in the manner described, whose poles are presented to the poles of the main-circuit magnet, and whose core is constructed to rock on its longitudinal axis, said rocking core being connected' to mechanism by which the feeding of the carbons is effected.

In carrying my invention into practice I have applied it to a novel construction of feed mechanism, and of mechanism for causing a separation of the carbons to form the arc. Such mechanisms are not, however, herein claimed by me, as I design making them the subject of a separate application for patent.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side view of a complete lamp to which my present invention is applied- Figs. 2 and 4 show in end view the controlling mechanism which. is actuated or controlled by the magnet system. Fig. 3 is a side view, and Fig. 5 a plan view, of the same. Fig. 6 is a section on line 00 w of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a detail view in section of the lower-carbon 'holder. Figs. 8 and 9 are views of details. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the circuits of the lamp. Fig. 11 is a plan of the bottom of the lamp; and V Fig. 12 is a side view of a portion of the mechanism for lifting the upper carbon to form the arc. Figs. 13 and 14 are views of the mechanism for feeding the carbon and for lifting the carbon, detached from the other parts.

0 is any suitable base, preferably of wood 01' other insulating material, upon which the regulating devices are mounted, and from which the lamp proper is suspended. From the base 0 depend the two rods G G, attached at their lower end to the cross-piece G,which supports the lower-carbon holder.

1 Upon the lower side of base 0 is fixed the resistancecoil P, to be hereinafter described. This coil is formed as a cylinder to permit the passage through it of the upper-carbon holder f, which is a tube having its upper portion formed into or with a rack. Above the base 0 it passes into another tube, F, having a hook at its upper end for the suspension of the lamp. The tube F is jointed at F", in order Y that the upper portion may be detached to permit the ready and easy introduction of the carbon pencil into f, the carbon being secured therein at its upper end by the screwclamp F.

Dependent from the base 0 and around the tubef are three or more rods, h, united by a base-piece at their lower ends, which basepiece is perforated to admit of the carbon passing through it. These rods hand their perforated base-piece constitute a guard-framewhich supports and steadies the carbon just above the point of illumination, andaIS being electrical conductors, afford a path for the current of little resistance to a point on the carbon near the are, thus avoiding the greater portion ofthe resistance of the upper carbon. 5

The lower-carbon holder is supported upon the cross-piece G, and is constructed in the manner shown in detail in Fig. 7

In the enlarged central portion of G is an opening, in which is placedthe sleeve Y, some IOO what smaller in diameter than the opening through which it. passes, thus allowing of a lateral adjustment by which the lower carbon may be brought into exact alignment with the upper carbon.

The upper portion of the sleeve is provided with an enlarged head or flange, Y, and its lower end is screw threaded externally, and carries a clamping-nut, \V, which, in conjunction with the head Y, resting upon G", serves to secure the sleeve and the supported carbon in position after lateral adjustment.

\Yithin the sleeve Y is a sleeve, U, capable of vertical movement therein. lt'slowcr portion i screw-threaded for the reception of an adjustingnut, V, whose upper face bears against the nut \V, while the screw-thread'upon its upper portion serves as a means of attachment for the carbon-clamp, U, a downward extension from which provided with an internall screwthreaded rin or collar for engageinent with the upper portion of" IT. A. pivoted clamping-jaw, .r, pivoted to U has a tail-piece whose end, as shown, is formed with a beveled t'ace resting upon a bevel, y, upon the upper portion of Y. The lower carbon or carbon-carrier is clamped between the jaw .11 and the part U.

The operation of these devices is as follows: The nut V having been loosened, the sleeve l lmay be raised, and the upper portion of the jaw 00 may be then opened so as to allow the insertion of the lower carbon. To clamp the carbon the nut Y is turned so as to draw down the sleeve U, and its attached parts, thereby carrying the beveled tail-piece of a; down upon the incline y, so as to force the jaw ."r into lirm contact with the carbon, thereby clamping it firmly between or and [7. The annular depression in the upper face of the head Y serves as a holder for the ordinary opaleseent globe.

As before stated, the uppei.'-carbpn holder passes above the base and is formed into or with a rack, so that a pinion taking therein may elevate or depress it. Taking into itis a pinion, 8, formed on the same sleeve as the gear 6, (see Figs. 7 and 8,) the sleeve being loosely mounted on the shaft 9, supported in suitable bearings. Upon the opposite end of the shaft 9, andloose thereon, are a gear, 5, and pinion l2, likewise formed on the sameslecve. Upon the same shaft is the planet-wheel l, with a groove in its periphery, and having let into it the pinion 7, into which take, on opposite sides, the gears and (3. 111 the groove upon the face of the wheel 4 is the strip B", one end of which, as shown in Fig. 12, is attached to a collar, N, sliding upon a post, q, and resting upon a spiral spring, M, its other end being attached to the end of the armature-lever B, Fig. 3, whose armature P is acted upon by the electromagnets (l D, (shown in top view in Fig. 5,) which are in the main or light circuit, and which serve, through the intermediate devices, to lift the upper carbon to form the are.

Upon a shalt, 10, at right angles to the shaft 9, is -a worm, 11, taking into the pinion 12. Upon 10 is also secured the smooth frictionwheel 16. Pivoted upon 10, and withits sides encompassing the wheel 16, the cage 14, pivoted to thclinlc 13, which is in turn pivoted to the lever 1 Fig. 9. I \Vithin the cage 14, whose outer endinclincs upwardly and outwardly, lies the loose rubber 1.5, between the wheel 16 and the end of the cage l4. The lever g, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, is an extension from the [)Ol@-] ')l(f((5 a of an electro-magnet, J rocking upon its longitudinal axis. The electro-inagnet .I is in. ashunt around the carbon, and its poles and I) are within the magnetic field ot' the elcctro-magnet-s E andfl) in the main or light circuit.

The rocking movement ot' the electromagnct J, which is brought about in the manner hereinalter described, is communicated to the lever g and cage LL, and serves to l'eedthe upper carbon downward.

The mechanical operation of these devices in adjusting the upper carbon with reference to the. lower is as follows: During the upward movements of the link 15: cage 1-4:, and roller 15, the latter, owing to the inclined inner sur face of the cage, engages with the wheel 16 and'partially rotates the same, turning it a certain definite distance, dependent upon the amount OflllOVOlllGlli permitted to 14. This movement is capable of adjustl'nent, and may be regulated to give a downward feed to the upper carbon to a very small extent for each oscillation. the cage the roller 15 is released from frictional contact with 16 and simply slides over its sur face. An ordinary ratchet-wheel and paw] might be substituted for this friction device. Any device for producing astep-by-ste1.)ro-

tary movement in one direction by means of a reciprocatingmovement may be used in this connection. The wheel 16 imparts a move ment to the carbon-carrier through 10 1.1 12 5 7 to 6 8, and thence to the rack on], moving it acertain definite distance dependent upon the amount of movement permitted to the reciprocating parts.

In lifting the upper carbon the end of the lever B to which the strap R is attached is raised, and the strap, being thus brought int 0- axis, and will in turn rotate the g=ar ti and pinionS, which latter, taking into the rack on the earboirlioldeufiraises it, separating the carbons. The upliizfeztrbon is held against: the action of gravity l yreason of the frictional contact between the-strap R and wheel 4. The carbon-carrier may be readily raised to Upon the downward motion of The wheel 5 being lever K to normally make contact with the conthe parts are in the position shown in Fig. 2

. its upper position for the insertion of a fresh I carbon when the end of lever B is depressed and the strap is free from tension.

The electro-magnets C D E (shown in top view in Fig. 5) are mounted upon the base 0, and are in the main or light circuit, passing through the carbons. C and D constitute practically one electro-magnet, and act upon the armature P of the lever R, which serves to separate the carbons. The electro-magnet E, in conjunction with a'polar extension from D, acts upon the rockingelectro-magnet J. The circuit entersatpost A, goes through 0, D, and E to metal plate B, metallic gearing mounted upon the plate, to carbon-holderf, to the positive or upper carbon, thence to lower or negative carbon, thence by G and G to post H. The armature 1 of the electro-magnet C D is attached to the lever B at the opposite end of the strap R". \Vhenever the circuit is closed through the lamp the electro-magnet C D attracts its armature, elevating the other end of the lever B, causing rotation of planet-wheel 4, separating the carbons, as before described, for the immediate formation of the are.

Of the electro-magnets C D, one, D, is somewhat shorter than the other, in order that there may be room between the armature P and-the coil of D for the core of D to be bent over, first at right angles, then obliquely, and then upwardly, forming the polar extension 0, for action upon the polar extension b of electromagnet J, as shown in Fig. 5. "he electromagnet J is wound with fine wire, so as to be of high resistance, and is in a circuit which is a shunt to the main circuit, or circuit to the electromagnets C D -E and the carbons forming thelamp. One end of its core is prolonged upwardly, so as to form the polar extension I), the other being prolonged horizontallyinto the polar extension (1, whose fore end takes over and forms the armature of the electro-magnet E. Upon this pole a is an insulating-block, g, to whose extension, Figs. 2 and-5, is pivoted the link 13, controlling the motive mechanism 14 15116, which feeds the upper carbon downward. Upon this block is pivoted the arm K, whose outer end plays between the adjustable stops dd upon the standard (I. The-other end is weighted, as shown, so as to cause the tact-point L of the polar extension a. The circuit of the electromagnet J passes from the binding-post A to the contact L, thence to K, thence to the magnet J, and thence to the post H. When there is not such magnetic attraction existing between E and a as to pull a down,

and'tli'ej' circuit of J is broken between L and K; When, however, E attracts a the lever K is forced from the stop cl, and its overbalanced end immediately contacts with L, which contact is rendered more forcible by K taking against (1 upon the completion of the movement of a. Thus every movement of a causes a make'and break in the circuit of its electromagnet J, and also through the extension g, a

movement of the lever 13 imparting a movement to the train of gearing before described for feeding the upper carbon downward.

The polar extensions a and I) of J are rigidly secured to J, which is pivoted in suitable bearings. Normally it is held in such position that its poles at and b shall be forced away from c and E by springs e and e, adjusted by set-screw e, Fig. 6. It is so'wound that its poles would normally be of the same polarity as the adjacent polesthat is, b and 0 similar and a and E similar, each tending to neutralize the other.

The relative resistances of the shunt and carbon, circuits and construction of the coils are such that when the carbons are aproper distance apart the current strength and the magnetic effects in G D E are much greater than in J, and as a consequence the magnetic induction from the poles of D and E upon the core of J is sufficient to overbalance the electromagnetic effects of the coils of J, and hence the polarity of core of J becomes the reverse of that which it would exhibit if J were allowed to act unopposed. Hence J is attracted by I) and E, and the polarity of its core,under these conditions, becomes practically the same as thatof a soft-iron armature under the inductive influence of D and E. The counter-inductive effects from D and E normally so far overbalance the effects of coil J that sufficient attraction exists between the poles of J and of D and E to overcome also the tension of the retract the resistance at the arc increase, owing to consumption of the carbon and a consequent increase in the length of the arc, less current flows through D and E and more through J, in accordance with well-known laws, and as a consequence the magneto-inductive effects of D and E are diminished, and the counterbalancing or opposing electro-magnetic power of J is increased to such an extent that sufficient attraction does not exist between the cores of J and D and E to overcome the tension of the retractile springs, and J therefore recedes. When this happens the circuit of J is broken at K and L, as before explained,whereupon J ceases to be magnetic, and its poles to and b become simple neutral iron armatures to C, D,

ive springs acting upon-J. Should, however,

and E, which thereupon attract them, causing I press 13 and 14:, imparting motion to 16, and

thence through the connected gearing to the upper-carbon holder, lowering it a small space,

diminishing the resistance in the main circuit.

These operations are repeated until the normal position of the carbons and the magnetic preponderance of O, D, and E over J are re stored. This arrangement of circuits is more clearlyshown in Fig. 10, where the magnets are shown disassociated from-the devices they operate, in which the main or lamp circuit 1 1 is shown infull lines passing from post A through E C D carbons c c, to post H, while from post the shunt-circuit 2 2 (shown in Lil broken lines) passes to L K, to H.

An additional circuit, f 3, showu in waving lines, formsa shunt to both circuits 1 and 2 and their electro-magnets and the lamp, taking the current from both when closed. in this circuit is the cylindrical resistance-coil 1 having a resistance of about one-ha] f the lamp circuit. As shown, this coil encircles the carboircarrier. This disposition of the coil gives symmetry to the lamp, economizes space, and simplifies the'construction. Upon the under side of the base 0 are two metal pieces, .9 s, Fig. 3, separated from each other, a wire from 1 leading to s, while from s the wire leads to H, forming a break in the circuit Attached to the lever R is a rod, 1%, insulated from the metallic parts of the lamp, pass ing through the base 0, and carrying on its lower'end the cross-piece 1-, adapted to rest upon the metal pieces 8 s and close the break at that point in the shunt-circuit 3 3, and also serving as a back stop to the armature 1?, preventing it from being drawn too far from the OlQQtlfOdnitg'llGiS C D. I

Between the pieces s 8 slides a box composed of metal sides 3" s, fastened to and insulated from each other by an insulating thumb piece, S. The sides 8 .sare beveled at their front ends, so as to readily pass over the crosspiece 1' and draw down the rod It, locking the armature 1 and wheel 4. W' hen in this position (shown in Fi g. at) the greater portion of the current passes from one binding-post through the resistance-coil l s r .5" to the other binding-post. If S be drawn back, the cross-piece r would naturally rest on s x, closing the shunt-circut if no current were on. If, then, the main circuit be closed while a large portion'of the current passes through the shunt circuit 3 3, enough passes through the main circuitto energize the magnets C D sufiiciently to pull down the armature 1, thus moving r from .s' s, breaking the shunt. If, however, from any accident, the main lamp circuit should be broken, the armature 1, moving away from C 1), again brings r into contact with s s, automatically establishing a circuit around the disabled lamp, so that the operation of other lamps or devices in the same se .ries shall not be interfered with.

In my device it will be observed that the shunt-circuit closer is attached to the armalure of one of the regulating electro-magnets. This is a feature of some importance, as it renders the use of an extraelectro-magnet for this purpose unnecessary.

\Vhere it is desired to replace either carbon, the upper holder is raised to the proper position, the switch S is slid forward, and its beveled ends, taking over the cross-piece r, pull down the rod R and lever B, which latter, through the strap R, which is now in close contact with wheel at, locks said wheel and, through the connected mechanism, the carbon holder in place. At the same time the crosspiece 0' completes the circuit 3 from s to s,

cleciromagnei J I cutting off the current from the remainder of the devices. The switch being slid back, the circuit 3 is broken, the armature-lever It is free to be retracted by spring M acting upon collar N, and the wheel L is free to rotate, so as to allow the upper carbon to drop into contact with the lower.

The novel magnet system herein described, consisting of the main and derived circuit magnet arranged in" the described relation. may assume other forms besides that shown without departing from the spirit of the invention, and may be used in conjunction with other mechanical devices for governing or leg ulating the feed of the carbon, the method of application to other well-known devices being obvious.

The devices for producing a reciprocating motion of the magnet do not constitute the invention which i desire herein to patent, my present invention being confined to the novel magnet system, and not depending upon any particular devices for controlling or operating the carbon through the IIIOVGlTlG-llt oi the magnet.

The devices herein shown form the. subject of a separate application for patent.

I. make no claim herein to the clamping devices for the lower carbon, the shunting or short circuiting devices that operate on an abnormal increase in the length of are, and the mechanism by which they may be locked, the peculiar mechanical devices used in the feedregulating mechanism, the cage surrounding the upper carbon, orto the novel combinations of magnets and mechanism whereby the carbons are separated and held separated to form the arc, and are fed downward by a step-by step movement to compensate for combustion, as these all form the subject of other applica tions for patent to be filed by me.

\Vhat I claim is- 1.. In an electric lamp, the combination of circuit and an electromagnet in the derived circuit, arranged with its pole in inductive proximity to the electro-magnet in the principal circuit, so as to constitute an armature therefor, and wound and connected, as de scribed; so that the derived-circuit currents tend to produce in the pole of said magnet magnetism of the same sign as that exhibited by the pole of the main-circuit magnet to which it is presented. l

2. In an electric lamp, the combination of a main-circuit magnet and a derived-circuit magnet, one of which is mounted, as described, so as to be movable to and from the other, said magnets being wound and connected-so that the main and derived circuit currents tend to produce magnetism of the same sign in' the poles of the magnets which are presented to one another.

3. An electromagnet in the main circuit of an electric lamp, having its armature wound with a helix of fine wire ofhighfresistance in a derived circuit 1' n such a mannerthat when an increased resistance of the main circuit diverts the electric current into the derived circuit it will tend to convert the armature into a magnet with poles similar to the opposite poles of the eleetro-magnet.

1 The combination, with a maincircuit electro-magnet, of a separate rocking electromagnet placed in a derived circuit and mounted on a support independent of the main-cireuit magnet, and mechanism connected to said electro-magnet for controlling or causing the feed of the carbon.

5. The combination of separate main and derived circuit magnets, having separate polepieees arranged in inductive proximity to one another, and wound and connected in the man ner described, so that the derived-circuit coil tends to diminish in its core the magnetism induced from the core of the main circuit magnet in inductive proximity thereto, and

mechanism for controlling or regulating the feed of the carbons connected to one of said magnets, so as to be actuated thereby.

(i. The combination, in an electric lamp, of

. feed-regulating mechanism and an operating or controlling magnet system comprising two electro-magnets having their poles presented to one another and wound respectively with coils in the main and the derived circuit, one of said magnets being arranged to rock upon its longitudinal axis, and provided with rectangular pole pieces extending toward the poles of 'the other electro-magnet.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

Josnrn QLMSTED,

\Vitnesses:

H. C. TOWNSEND, THOMAS XV. PEYTON. 

